Ações de cuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem ao paciente com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea: translação do conhecimento / Acciones de cuidado y diagnósticos de enfermería para pacientes con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea: traslación del conocimiento / Care actions and nursing diagnoses for patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: knowledge translation

Resumo Objetivo mapear diagnósticos e ações de enfermagem para o cuidado ao paciente adulto com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, considerando um protocolo e um sistema informatizado de prescrição e a inclusão de novas ações de cuidados, em um processo de translação do conhecimento à prática clínica. Métodos estudo descritivo e exploratório, com mapeamento cruzado entre um protocolo assistencial e sistema informatizado de um hospital universitário, no período de 2014 a 2018. Foram realizados dois encontros com a chefia de enfermagem e membros do time de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea para validar as ações. Resultados diagnósticos mais comuns utilizados nos 45 prontuários dos pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea foram: Risco de infecção (100%); Ventilação espontânea prejudicada (93,33%); Síndrome do déficit de autocuidado (93,33%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o mapeamento incluiu 25 novas ações associadas a 14 diagnósticos de enfermagem no sistema informatizado, visando a disseminação do conhecimento e sua aplicação em cuidados reais a pacientes com oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Resumen Objetivo mapear diagnósticos y acciones de enfermería para el cuidado de pacientes adultos con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, considerando un protocolo y un sistema de prescripción computarizado y la inclusión de nuevas acciones de cuidado, en un proceso de traslación del conocimiento a la práctica clínica. Métodos estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con mapeo cruzado entre un protocolo de atención y un sistema informatizado en un hospital universitario, de 2014 a 2018. Posteriormente se realizaron dos reuniones con la gerente de enfermería y miembros del equipo de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea para validar acciones. Resultados los diagnósticos más frecuentes utilizados en los 45 prontuarios de pacientes con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea fueron: Riesgo de infección (100%); Deterioro de la ventilación espontánea (93,33%); Síndrome de déficit de autocuidado (93,33%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el mapeo incluyó 25 nuevas acciones asociadas a 14 diagnósticos de enfermería en el sistema informatizado, con el objetivo de difundir el conocimiento y su aplicación en la atención real al paciente con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea.

Abstract Objective to map diagnoses and nursing actions for the care of adult patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane, considering a protocol and a computerized prescription system and the inclusion of new care actions, in a process of translating knowledge to clinical practice. Methods descriptive and exploratory study, with cross-mapping between a care protocol and a computerized system of at a university hospital, from 2014 to 2018. Two meetings were held with the nursing manager and members of the extracorporeal oxygenation membrane team to validate the actions. Results most common diagnoses used in the 45 medical records of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were: Risk of infection (100%); Impaired spontaneous ventilation (93.33%); Self-care deficit syndrome (93.33%). Conclusion and implications for practice The mapping included 25 new actions, associated with 14 nursing diagnoses in the computerized system, aiming to disseminate knowledge and its application in real care for patients with extracorporeal oxygenation membrane.

Protocolos gerenciados por enfermeiros para identificação precoce da sepse: revisão de escopo / Nurse-managed protocols for early identification of sepsis: a scoping review / Protocolos administrados por enfermeros para la identificación temprana de la sepsis: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: mapear os protocolos assistenciais utilizados por enfermeiros para identificação precoce da sepse no ambiente hospitalar. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo ancorada nas recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute, desenvolvida em sete bases de dados. A busca e seleção ocorreu em 17 de julho de 2021, utilizando os descritores: sepse, protocolos de enfermagem, avaliação de enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de seis estudos, destacaram-se os protocolos implementados por projetos de melhoria de qualidade e utilização sistemas eletrônicos de alerta para deterioração clínica. Conclusão: protocolos assistenciais impulsionam a aderência dos profissionais às recomendações oficiais para o manejo da sepse no ambiente hospitalar e o desenvolvimento de cuidados de enfermagem baseados em evidências, contribuindo para melhorar os indicadores de qualidade e reduzir a mortalidade entre pacientes com sepse.

Objective: to map the care protocols used by nurses for the early identification of sepsis in the hospital environment. Method: this is a scope review anchored in the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, developed in seven databases. The search and selection took place on July 17, 2021, using the descriptors: sepsis, nursing protocols, nursing assessment and nursing care. Results: the sample consisted of six studies, highlighting the protocols implemented by quality improvement projects and the use of electronic warning systems for clinical deterioration. Conclusion: care protocols boost professionals' adherence to official recommendations for the management of sepsis in the hospital environment and the development of evidence-based nursing care, contributing to improve quality indicators and reduce mortality among patients with sepsis.

Objetivo: mapear los protocolos de atención utilizados por las enfermeras para identificar de forma temprana la sepsis en el ambiente hospitalario. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance anclada en las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs, desarrollada en siete bases de datos. La búsqueda y selección se realizó el 17 de julio de 2021, utilizando los descriptores: sepsis, protocolos de enfermería, evaluación de enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por seis estudios, se destacaron los protocolos implementados por los proyectos de mejora de la calidad y utilización de sistemas electrónicos de alerta con respecto al deterioro clínico. Conclusión: los protocolos asistenciales impulsan la adherencia de los profesionales a las recomendaciones oficiales para el manejo de la sepsis en el ámbito hospitalario y el desarrollo de cuidados de enfermería basados en evidencias, contribuyendo a mejorar los indicadores de calidad y reducir la mortalidad entre los pacientes con sepsis.

Enfermagem em Prática Avançada no pronto atendimento: uma reflexão promissora / Nursing in Advanced Practice in emergency care unit: a promising reflection

OBJETIVO: Refletir acerca das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento 24h como cenário de atuação para a Prática Avançada de Enfermeiros nos serviços de urgência e emergência. MÉTODO: Este estudo utilizou a metodologia de reflexão. RESULTADOS: A Enfermagem de Prática Avançada é uma especialidade em que atuam enfermeiros com conhecimento e habilidades ampliado, capazes de tomar decisões complexas, além de possuírem nível avançado de práticas específicas. Os serviços de urgência e emergência são cenários promissores ao desenvolvimento da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada, incluindo as Unidade de Pronto Atendimento 24h, pela capacidade de atendimentos de alta complexidade e atuação de profissionais altamente capacitados. Portanto, há necessidade de reflexão sobre avanços e entraves na atuação, regulamentação, sobretudo no que se refere a este cenário, pouco discutido no contexto da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada no Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: Existe grande necessidade de ampliação da discussão da Enfermagem de Prática Avançada para os demais níveis de atenção no Brasil. Há serviços com amplo potencial a serem desenvolvidos, sendo um deles as Unidades de Pronto Atendimento 24h. Observa-se que o enfermeiro de práticas avançadas nestes serviços poderá trazer grandes benefícios para a população, além de melhorar a qualidade da assistência, trazendo maior autonomia aos profissionais destes serviços.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect about the Emergency Care Unit an action scenario for the Advanced practice of nurses in emergency and urgency services. METHOD: This study utilized the methodology of reflection. RESULTS: Advanced Practice Nursing is a specialty in which nurses with expanded knowledge and additional skills can make complex decisions in addition to having an advanced level of specific practices. Emergency and urgency services are promising scenarios for the development of Advanced Practice Nursing, including the 24-hour Care Unit, especially due to the capacity of high complexity care and the performance of highly qualified professionals. Therefore, there is a need for reflection on the advances, obstacles in the performance and regulation, especially in relation to this scenario, which is little discussed in the context of Advanced Practice Nursing in Brazil. CONCLUSION: There is a great need to expand the discussion of Advanced Practice Nursing to the other levels of care in Brazil. There are services with vast potential to be developed, one of them being the 24-hour Care units. It is observed that nurses from advanced practices in these services can bring great benefits to the population, in addition to improving the quality of care, bringing greater autonomy for nurses in these services.

Validación clínica de la propuesta diagnóstica de enfermería de sed perioperatoria / Clinical validation of the nursing diagnostic proposition perioperative thirst / Validação clínica da proposição diagnóstica de enfermagem sede perioperatória

Objetivo: verificar la validez clínica de la proposición de un nuevo diagnóstico de enfermería denominado sed perioperatoria, basado en la precisión diagnóstica de sus indicadores clínicos, incluyendo la magnitud del efecto de sus factores etiológicos. Método: estudio de validación clínica diagnóstica con 150 pacientes quirúrgicos en un hospital universitario. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados con la sed. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de clases latentes. Resultados: se propusieron dos modelos de clases latentes para las características definitorias. El modelo ajustado en el preoperatorio incluía: labios resecos, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, ganas de beber agua, informe del cuidador, garganta seca y deglución constante de saliva. En el postoperatorio: sequedad de garganta, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, constante deglución de saliva, ganas de beber agua, mal gusto en la boca. Los factores relacionados "temperatura ambiente elevada" y "sequedad de boca" se asocian a la presencia de sed, así como las condiciones asociadas "uso de anticolinérgicos" e "intubación". La prevalencia de sed fue del 62,6% en el preoperatorio y del 50,2% en el postoperatorio inmediato. Conclusión: la proposición diagnóstica de la sed perioperatoria mostró buenos parámetros de precisión de sus indicadores clínicos y efectos etiológicos. Esta propuesta en una taxonomía de enfermería permitirá una mayor visibilidad, apreciación y tratamiento de este síntoma.

Objective: to verify the clinical validity of the proposition of a new nursing diagnosis called perioperative thirst, based on the diagnostic accuracy of its clinical indicators, including the magnitude of effect of its etiological factors. Method: clinical diagnostic validation study with a total of 150 surgical patients at a university hospital. Sociodemographic variables and clinical indicators related to thirst were collected. The latent class analysis technique was used. Results: two models of latent classes were proposed for the defining characteristics. The model adjusted preoperatively included: dry lips, thick saliva, thick tongue, desire to drink water, caregiver report, dry throat and constant swallowing of saliva. In the postoperative period: dry throat, thick saliva, thick tongue, constant swallowing of saliva, desire to drink water, bad taste in the mouth. The factors related to "high ambient temperature" and "dry mouth" are associated with the presence of thirst, as well as the associated conditions "use of anticholinergics" and "intubation". The prevalence of thirst was 62.6% in the pre and 50.2% in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: the diagnostic proposition of perioperative thirst showed good accuracy parameters for its clinical indicators and etiological effects. This proposition in a nursing taxonomy will allow greater visibility, appreciation and treatment of this symptom.

Objetivo: verificar a validade clínica da proposição de um novo diagnóstico de enfermagem denominado sede perioperatória, com base na acurácia diagnóstica de seus indicadores clínicos, incluindo a magnitude de efeito de seus fatores etiológicos. Método: estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica com 150 pacientes cirúrgicos em um hospital universitário. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados à sede. Empregou-se a técnica de análise de classe latente. Resultados: dois modelos de classes latentes foram propostos para as características definidoras. O modelo ajustado no pré-operatório incluiu: lábios ressecados, saliva grossa, língua grossa, vontade de beber água, relato do cuidador, garganta seca e constante deglutição de saliva. No pós-operatório: garganta seca, saliva grossa, língua grossa, constante deglutição de saliva, vontade de beber água, gosto ruim na boca. Os fatores relacionados Temperatura do ambiente elevada e Boca seca estão associados à presença de sede, assim como as condições associadas Utilização de anticolinérgicos e Intubação. A prevalência de sede foi de 62,6% no pré-operatório e 50,2% no pós-operatório imediato. Conclusão: a proposição diagnóstica de sede perioperatória apresentou bons parâmetros de acurácia de seus indicadores clínicos e efeitos etiológicos. Essa proposição em uma taxonomia de enfermagem permitirá maior visibilidade, valorização e tratamento desse sintoma.

Estratégias de ensino para desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na graduação em enfermagem: overview de revisões sistemáticas / Educational strategies for development of clinical reasoning and critical thinking in nursing undergraduate students: overview protocol of systematic reviews

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi sumarizar as evidências de revisões sistemáticas sobre a efetividade das estratégias de ensino para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico ou pensamento crítico em estudantes da graduação em Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma overview de revisões sistemáticas, guiada pelas recomendações do Cochrane Handbook. O protocolo de pesquisa foi registrado na plataforma Prospero sob o número 187785, sendo este estudo inédito. O uso do protocolo possibilita a replicação ou atualização dessa overview. A pergunta de pesquisa foi: Quais as evidências de efetividade oriundas de revisões sistemáticas sobre as estratégias de ensino, isoladas, comparadas ou associadas, para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico dos estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem, em qualquer ambiente de aprendizagem? A busca por revisões Cochrane e não Cochrane foi realizada em oito bases de dados e bibliotecas, e na literatura cinzenta. Não houve restrições de idioma e ano de publicação. Foi recuperado um total de 13.936 estudos, com 6.620 participantes. Dois revisores independentes aplicaram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, fizeram a extração dos dados e a análise de qualidade das revisões. Foram incluídas 11 revisões, com 65 estudos primários. As sínteses foram descritivas e por metanálises. A análise do risco de viés das revisões sistemáticas foi realizada por meio do instrumento ROBIS (Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews); a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pelo instrumento AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews); e a análise da força da evidência seguiu as recomendações do sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Quatorze estudos, com 1.350 participantes, forneceram evidências para metanálise. As evidências, ainda que classificadas como de certeza muito baixa, sugerem que a aprendizagem baseada em problemas e a simulação são estratégias de ensino que possibilitam o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico em estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Risco de viés, heterogeneidade elevada, número limitado de estudos, número de participantes reduzido contribuíram para o rebaixamento do nível de certeza das evidências. Recomenda-se que os docentes avaliem as características dos estudantes antes de optarem por uma ou outra estratégia de ensino, e ponderem o uso diversificado. São importantes a frequência e duração da aplicação das estratégias, uma vez que o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico ocorre de forma processual e contínua. Recomenda-se aos pesquisadores que o relato seja aprimorado, incluindo informações relevantes, como dados estatísticos, características do estudante e do ambiente de ensino. O uso de ferramentas que orientem um relato de qualidade é indicado. No planejamento dos ensaios clínicos, é relevante prever e padronizar o tempo de exposição à estratégia de ensino e a quantidade de sessões; utilizar pelo menos duas escalas de mensuração do pensamento crítico e aplicá-las no mínimo antes e após a intervenção. Tais cuidados promovem robustez aos resultados. A contribuição social dessa tese inédita é a identificação de estratégias de ensino - aprendizagem baseada em problemas e simulação - eficazes para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico em estudantes de enfermagem, o que possibilita, consequentemente, aprimorar a qualificação dos futuros enfermeiros para a prática profissional segura e baseada em evidências.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to summarize evidence from systematic reviews on the effectiveness of teaching strategies for the development of clinical reasoning or critical thinking in undergraduate nursing students. This is an overview of systematic reviews guided by the Cochrane Handbook recommendations. The research protocol was registered on the Prospero platform under number 187785 and this study is unprecedented. The use of the protocol makes it possible to replicate or update this overview. The research question was: What is the evidence of effectiveness from systematic reviews on teaching strategies, isolated, compared or associated, for the development of critical thinking of undergraduate nursing students in any learning environment? The search for Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews was performed in eight databases and libraries, and in the gray literature. There were no language and year of publication restrictions. A total of 13,936 studies with 6,620 participants were retrieved. Two independent reviewers applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data extraction and quality analysis of the reviews. Eleven reviews with 65 primary studies were included. The syntheses were descriptive and by meta-analyses. Analysis of the risk of bias of systematic reviews was performed using the ROBIS instrument (Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews); methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 instrument (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews); and analysis of the strength of evidence followed the recommendations of the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Fourteen studies of 1,350 participants provided evidence for meta-analysis. Despite the very low certainty of the evidence, findings suggest that the teaching strategies of problem-based learning and simulation enable the development of critical thinking in undergraduate nursing students. Risk of bias, high heterogeneity, limited number of studies, and reduced number of participants contributed to lower the level of certainty of the evidence. It is recommended that professors assess students' characteristics before choosing one or another teaching strategy and consider diversified use. The frequency and duration of the application of strategies is important, since the development of critical thinking occurs in a procedural and continuous way. It is recommended that researchers improve the report, including relevant information such as statistical data and characteristics of students and the teaching environment. The use of tools that guide a quality report is indicated. When planning clinical trials, it is important to predict and standardize the time of exposure to the teaching strategy and the number of sessions; use at least two clinical reasoning measurement scales and apply them at least before and after the intervention. These precautions bring robustness to the results. The social contribution of this unpublished thesis is the identification of effective teaching strategies for the development of critical thinking in nursing students, problem-based learning and simulation, thereby making it possible to improve the qualification of future nurses for a safe and evidence-based professional practice.

El peor enemigo de la enfermera es / The nurse's worst enemy is

Mucho se comenta en los hospitales como dicho, tal vez sin sentido, que el peor enemigo de una enfermera es otra enfermera; sin embargo, es necesario hacer una reflexión, e incluso un análisis concienzudo, sobre estas palabras ya que descontextualizan el verdadero quehacer y objetivo de la enfermería. Personalmente, considero que no es así. En primera instancia porque una persona preparada en las ciencias de la enfermería no podría considerar válida esta creencia, ya que la esencia y los valores de la enfermera dista en demasía de la palabra enemigo. El peor enemigo de la enfermera es la falta de conocimiento, ya que, al permanecer con una actitud pasiva ante los avances científicos, no dimensionamos la importancia de estar en constante entrenamiento, para que el ejercicio de nuestra profesión se lleve a cabo con los más altos estándares de calidad, tanto académica como de cuidado enfermero, con el único objetivo de reestablecer la salud de las personas. El peor enemigo de la enfermera es la falta de conocimiento, pues no se debe ejercer la enfermería basada en ocurrencias, no se debe ejercer la enfermería basada en falsas eminencias, en negligencias, en complacencias y, sobre todo, la enfermería basada en el desconocimiento. El peor enemigo de la enfermera es la falta de conocimiento, dado que al desconocer de los procesos tanto fisiológicos como patológicos, no sabremos tomar decisiones basadas en la ciencia y, por consiguiente, esas decisiones repercuten en la salud y la vida de las personas.

Much is said in hospitals as a saying, perhaps without meaning, that the worst enemy of a nurse is another nurse; however, it is necessary to make a reflection, and even a conscientious analysis, on these words since they decontextualize the true task and objective of nursing. Personally, I consider that it is not so. In the first instance, because a person trained in nursing sciences could not consider this belief valid, since the essence and values of the nurse are too far from the word enemy. The worst enemy of the nurse is the lack of knowledge, since, by remaining passive in the face of scientific advances, we do not appreciate the importance of being in constant training, so that the exercise of our profession is carried out with the most high-quality standards, both academic and nursing care, with the sole objective of restoring people's health. The worst enemy of the nurse is the lack of knowledge because nursing based on occurrences should not be practiced, nursing based on false eminences, negligence, complacency and, above all, nursing based on ignorance should not be practiced. The worst enemy of the nurse is the lack of knowledge, given that by being unaware of both physiological and pathological processes, we will not know how to make decisions based on science and, consequently, these decisions have an impact on people's health and lives.

Summary of the best evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the best evidence of pulmonary rehabilitation in adult patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery and provide evidence-based basis for clinical intervention.Methods:Systematically searched clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary, systematic review and randomized controlled trial studies on pulmonary rehabilitation for patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery in UpToDate, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Guidelines International Network, Medlive, British Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, American Association for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Canadian Thoracic Society, American Thoracic Society, WanFang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine. The retrieval time limit was from March 11, 2012 to March 11, 2022. Evidence was extracted, summarized and recommended after strict evaluation of literature quality.Results:A total of 19 pieces of literature were eligible for inclusion. They were 2 clinical decisions, 4 expert consensuses, 4 systematic evaluations, and 9 randomized controlled studies.The best evidence included 22 recommendations in 7 dimensions, namely pulmonary rehabilitation team, patient assessment, sports training, respiratory muscle training, drug rehabilitation, health education and quality control.Conclusions:Summary of the best evidence of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery can provide evidence-based guidance for clinical intervention, but medical staff should also develop personalized training programs according to the actual situation of patients when applying the evidence.

Best evidence summary of cancer-related fatigue in children with leukemia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence related to the management of cancer-related fatigue in children with leukemia and provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice.Methods:The search for the relevant guidelines and evidence synthesis from UpToDate, JBI, Cochrane Library, Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, YiMaiTong Guideline Network, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, PubMed, CINAHL, EMbase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine from January 1st, 2012 to May 1st, 2022. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature independently according to the unified standard and extracted the best evidence.Results:A total of 13 literatures were extracted, including three clinical practice guidelines, two evidence summaries and eight systematic reviews. Finally, 22 pieces of evidence were summarized, involving six aspects which were environmental management, cancer-related fatigue assessment, exercise management, adventure therapy, sleep management and psychosocial interventions.Conclusions:Best evidence for the management of cancer-related fatigue in children with leukemia, which should be used in conjunction with the environment, the child's age, physical ability, medical condition and psychological acceptability to develop an individualized symptom management plan to improve the quality of care and the child′s quality of life.

Quality evaluation and content analysis of clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus on self-management of patients with high-risk foot diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve the relevant guidelines and expert consensus on self-management of patients with high-risk foot diabetes, and analyze the content of high-quality guidelines and expert consensus recommendations, so as to provide a reference for the construction of a guidance program for self-management of patients with high-risk foot diabetes.Methods:Computer-retrieved clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus for self-management of patients with high-risk foot for diabetes from databases, guideline networks, and related professional websites. The search period was from January 1, 2012 to June 5, 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and the evidence was extracted and integrated by 2 researchers. Experts were invited to evaluate the summarized evidence.Results:According to the quality of literature, a total of 12 guidelines (10 at level A and 2 at level B) and 3 expert consensus (expert discussion and decision) were included, and 8 themes were defined as regular follow-up, self-assessment, foot and decompression management, exercise management, nutrition management, indicator management, psychological management, and health education, a total of 28 recommendations. Among them, there were 23 A-level recommendations and 5 B-level recommendations.Conclusions:The quality of the guidelines and expert consensus included in this study is high,the recommended level of the summarized evidence is high. This study provides the reference and basis for the clinical staff to construct and guide the clinical practice of self-management of high-risk diabetic foot patients.

Best evidence summary of intracranial pressure management in patients with hemorrhagic stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To search, select and integrate the available evidence for the intracranial pressure management in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice.Methods:According to the "6S" pyramid model, all literature on the management of intracranial pressure in patients with hemorrhagic stroke was retrieved from the websites and database including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, relevant guideline net works and association websites as well as National stroke database,Yimaitong, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and other databases, including Clinical decision-making, guidelines, evidence collection, systematic evaluation, expert consensus and evidence-related original research. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to June 10, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality. The qualified literature was extracted.Results:A total of 19 pieces of literature were included, including 3 clinical decision-making, 5 guidelines, 3 systematic reviews, 4 expert consensuses, 3 randomized controlled studies and 1 case series study. Finally, 23 pieces of best evidence were summarized, involving 5 aspects such as assessment and monitoring, management goals, management scheme, treatment selection and methods, risk management.Conclusions:Active intracranial pressure management can improve the prognosis of patients with hemorrhagic stroke. It is recommended that health care professionals should select evidence in combination with specific clinical situations and formulate individualized intracranial pressure management programs.

Summary of best evidence for the management of thirst in ICU patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the best evidence of thirst management in ICU patients and provide evidence-based basis for dinical practice.Method:According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, the literature on thirst management of ICU patients was systematically retrieved from relevant guidelines websites, evidence-based databases, association websites and original literature databases at home and abroad. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to June 31, 2022. Two researchers with evidence-based nursing training independently completed literature quality evaluation. To extract and summarize the evidence of the literature that meets the quality standard.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, including 8 randomized controlled trials, 5 quasi-experimental studies and 4 cross-sectional studies. The 18 pieces of best evidence were formed, including 5 aspects: basic requirements of thirst management, intervention evaluation, intervention methods, matters needing attention and health education.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence of thirst management in ICU patients. Nurses should translate and apply the best evidence in combination with the clinical situation and specific policies of the department to relieve the thirst symptoms of ICU patients.

Construction of exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot based on evidence - based and Delphi method / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:The evidence-based and Delphi methods were used to construct the exercise program for hospitalized patients with diabetes foot to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods:Evidence on exercise management of diabetic foot patients was systematically searched from BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario and other domestic and foreign databases and professional association websites. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 2021. The quality of the included literature was independently evaluated, and the evidence of the literature meeting the quality standards was extracted and summarized to form the first draft of exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot. After two rounds of Delphi expert letter consultation, the program items were revised, and the final draft of the exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot suitable for clinical practice was formed.Results:The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaire both were15/15. The expert authority coefficient was 0.865 and 0.895 respectively. And the Kendall coordination coefficient was 0.232 and 0.291 (both P<0.01). An exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot had been formed, including 5 modules(exercise evaluation, exercise prescription, exercise monitoring, post-exercise evaluation and exercise management), 12 items and 40 operational items. Conclusions:The exercise program for inpatients with diabetic foot constructed in this study is scientific and clinically applicable, which provide scientific guidance for clinical medical staff to carry out exercise practice.

Summary of best evidence for exercise rehabilitation for stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the relevant evidence of motor rehabilitation of stroke at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for medical staff to carry out motor rehabilitation.Methods:The related evidence on exercise management for patients with stroke in BMJ Best practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, National Guideline, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, European Stroke Organization, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, Canadian Medical Association, American Association of Critical Care Nurses, National Stroke Foundation, Chinese Stroke Association, Medlive, Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, OVID, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed were searched by computer. The retrieval time limit was from 2012 to June 30, 2022. Two to four investigators independently assessed the quality of the included article, and extracted and summarized the evidence that met the quality standards.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 2 summary of evidence, 2 expert consensus, and 13 systematic evaluations. A total of 42 pieces of evidence related to exercise rehabilitation were extracted and integrated, including 11 aspects such as multidisciplinary teams, exercise goals, exercise timing, exercise evaluation, exercise venue, exercise style, exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency, safety monitoring, exercise behavior maintenance, and health education.Conclusions:The best evidence summarized in this study can provide a reference for clinical medical staff to implement exercise rehabilitation, but in clinical practice, it is necessary to select and apply evidence in a targeted manner in combination with specific circumstances, so as to improve the safety and effect of exercise rehabilitation.

Evidence summary of exercise reversal intervention for elderly patients with cognitive frailty / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, and to provide evidence for guiding exercise in elderly patients.Methods:This study was a summary of evidence-based nursing evidence. Based on the PIPOST (P: Population; I: Intervention; P: Professional; O: Outcome; S: Setting; T: Type of evidence) mode, the evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty in 25 relevant guideline network and association websites, Chinese and foreign language comprehensive databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Internet and others were searched, extracted and integrated. The retrieval time was from January 1, 2013 to February 14, 2022.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including 3 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 1 clinical decision-making, 1 evidence summary, 9 Meta analysis, and 6 randomized controlled trials. Finally, 28 pieces of the best evidence including 7 dimensions were namely formulate principles,overall assessment, exercise mode, exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency, exercise management, health guidance.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence of exercise intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, which are systematic, comprehensive, rigorous, and reliable. It can provide references for healthcare administrators to dynamically evaluate patients′cognitive frailty status, formulate personalized exercise programs, and standardize exercise guidance for patients, so as to delay or even reverse cognitive frailty.

Evidence summary of oral hygiene management in patients with periodontitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize oral hygiene management approaches applicable to patients with periodontitis, thus provide a basis for decision making by clinical staffs.Methods:Computerized decision systems, various guideline websites, dental association websites, evidence summary databases and journal databases for evidence involving oral hygiene management in patients with periodontitis were searched, including clinical decision making, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries and systematic reviews/Meta-analyses. The search time was from January 2015 to November 2021, and the updated search was carried out in June 2022. Then performed pooled analyses, methodological quality evaluations, and evidence level evaluations.Results:Finally 12 studies, including three guidelines, an expert consensus and eight systematic reviews, and summarized 18 pieces of evidence in three aspects, risk assessment and control, oral hygiene guidance, and clinical practice promotion were included.Conclusions:The evidence from this study is generally scientific and practical, and it should be adapted to local conditions and patient preferences in order to maximize the transfer of evidence into clinical practice.

Implementation and influencing factors analysis of nursing evidence of perioperative deep vein thrombosis prevention for patients with brain neoplasms based on the Ottawa model of research use / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical status, and analyz obstacles and facilitators for perioperative deep vein thrombosis prevention of brain neoplasms based on the Ottawa model of research use (OMRU).Methods:A total of 93 patients with brain tumors who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April to May 2021 and 33 nurses in the neurosurgery ward and operating room neurosurgery special group were selected as the baseline review subjects by convenience sampling. Based on the framework of evidence-based continued quality improvement of Fudan University, we searched BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, The Joanna Briggs Institute Library, International Guideline Library, American Guideline Network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network, National Institutes for Health and Clinical Technology Optimization, Medline, Medlive, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang and SinoMed according to the '6S' evidence pyramid from inception to January 1, 2021 for all clinical decisions, recommended practices, best practice information, evidence summary, guidelines and expert consensus on venous thrombosis assessment, prevention, screening, nursing and health education. The best evidence was summarized, and the final review indicators were formulated through two rounds of expert correspondence. According to the results of baseline review, barriers and facilitators were analyzed, and countermeasures were developed guided by OMRU.Results:A total of 19 best evidences were included, and 34 review indicators were developed in this study. Among them, only 4 indicators had a compliance rate of 100%, 18 ones had a compliance rate of 0, and the other 12 ones had a compliance rate of 6.5%-97.8%. A multi-factor analysis of the review results showed that the main obstacles of evidence implementation were the feasibility and comprehensibility at evidence level, the lack of knowledge and heavy workloads at the potential practitioner level, insufficient education materials, trainings and preventive equipment at system level. Furthermore, the reliable sources of evidence at evidence level, supports from practitioners at the potential practitioner level and system resources (such as training, national and hospital policies, etc.) at system level may contribute to the clinical application of evidence.Conclusions:There was still a huge gap between the best evidence and clinical practice. The obstacles and facilitating factors in evidence transformation should be evaluated scientifically and comprehensively, and corresponding countermeasures should be given to promote the application of evidence in clinical practice.

Evidence summary for the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal in patients with diabetes mellitus / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To retrieve and summarize the best evidence related to the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal in diabetic patients at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for clinical healthcare professionals.Methods:This was a evidence-based research. Evidence on insulin injection-related sharps waste management in patients with diabetes, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, best practice information sheet, recommended practices, clinical decisions and systematic reviews was systematically searched from domestic and international databases and professional websites, and the search time frame was from the establishment of the database to December 2021. Evidence was extracted and summarized following a quality evaluation of the literature that met the criteria.Results:A total of 15 papers were included, summarizing 25 pieces of best evidence on four areas including risk assessment and management of sharps waste associated with insulin injections, education and training, and the use of safe devices and sharps containers.Conclusions:Best evidence on the management of insulin injection-related sharps waste disposal provides evidence to support clinical practice for healthcare professionals to standardized sharps waste disposal practices in patients with diabetes.

Experiencia formadora con cuatro guías de buenas prácticas clínicas de la registered nurses' association of ontario

El presente artículo trata sobre la implementación de cuatro guías elaboradas por la Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (Canadá) en la enseñanza de pregrado de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad de Chile, proceso que se enmarca en el primer convenio establecido entre la Universidad de Chile y esta asociación. El acuerdo instaurado entre ambas instituciones promovió la incorporación de las guías: Valoración y Selección de Accesos Vasculares, Atención a las Familias, Establecimiento de Relación Terapéutica, y Valoración y Manejo del Dolor, al plan de formación de la Carrera de Enfermería, proceso liderado por docentes asesores de cada una de las guías a través de diversas estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas, demostrando un aporte significativo de este material al aprendizaje de los estudiantes de enfermería de la institución académica.

This article describes the implementation of four guidelines developed by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario for undergraduate nursing education at the Universidad de Chile, a process that is part of the first agreement reached between the University of Chile and the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario. The agreement established between both institutions helped incorporate the following guidelines: Assessment and Selection of Vascular Accesses, Family Care, Establishment of Therapeutic Relationship, and Assessment and Management of Pain, into the training plan of the nursing program, a process led by the faculty advisors of each of the guidelines through various pedagogical and didactic strategies, demonstrating a significant contribution of this material to the learning process of the nursing students.

Este artigo trata da implementação de quatro guias desenvolvidas pela Associação de Enfermeiros Registrados de Ontário (Canadá) para a educação de enfermagem de graduação na Universidade do Chile, um processo que faz parte do primeiro acordo estabelecido entre Universidade do Chile e a Associação de Enfermeiros Registrados de Ontário. O acordo assinado entre as duas instituições promoveu a incorporação das seguintes guias: Avaliação e Seleção de Acessos Vasculares, Cuidado Familiar, Estabelecimento de Relacionamento Terapêutico e Avaliação e Gerenciamento da Dor, ao plano de treinamento do programa de enfermagem, um processo conduzido pelos orientadores de cada uma das guias através de várias estratégias pedagógicas e didáticas, demonstrando uma contribuição significativa deste material para o aprendizado dos estudantes de enfermagem.

Implementación de tres guías de buenas prácticas clínicas en la escuela de enfermería de la universidad de talca, chile

El presente artículo describe el proceso de implementación de tres guías elaboradas por la Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) de Canadá, en el módulo enfermería en el adulto en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Talca, proceso que se enmarca en el convenio establecido entre la Universidad de Talca y esta asociación, a través del Departamento de Enfermería de la Universidad de Chile, host leader del Programa de Guías de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas de la RNAO. Esta implementación se llevó a cabo a través de diversas metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje que han permitido a los estudiantes integrar y aplicar la Enfermería Basada en Evidencia en la práctica clínica y también, establecer una alianza entre la institución académica y los centros de asistencia sanitaria.

This article describes the implementation process of three guidelines developed by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) in the adult nursing module at the School of Nursing of the University of Talca. This process is part of the agreement reached between the University of Talca and this association, through the Department of Nursing of the University of Chile, Host Leader of the RNAO's Best Clinical Practice Guidelines Program. This implementation has been carried out through various teaching-learning methodologies that have allowed students to integrate and apply Evidence-Based Nursing in clinical practice and also to establish an alliance between the academic institution and health care centers.

Este artigo descreve o processo de implementação de três diretrizes desenvolvidas pela Associação de Enfermeiros Registrados de Ontario (RNAO, sigla em inglês) do Canadá no módulo de enfermagem para adultos da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de Talca. Esse processo faz parte do acordo estabelecido entre a Universidade de Talca e esta associação, por meio do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade do Chile, host leader do Programa de Boas Práticas Clínicas da RNAO. Essa implementação foi realizada por meio de várias metodologias de ensino-apredizagem que permitiram aos estudantes integrarem a Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências à prática clínica, e também estabelecer uma aliança entre a instituição académica e os centros de saúde.

Analysis of the health advocacy concept from the perspective of the evolutionary method / Análisis del concepto abogacía de salud bajo la óptica del método evolucionario / Análise de conceito advocacia em saúde sob a ótica do método evolucionário

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the concept of Health Advocacy from the methodological framework of the Evolutionary Model. Method: The concept of interest was evaluated from the perspective of published studies identified in the databases: Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE and articles of interest. The attributes were determined from 19 scientific productions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, proposed by Bardin. Results: The following operational definition was obtained: Health Advocacy is an intentional action, implemented jointly and in favor of individuals and communities, especially for those who suffer from health inequalities, with the aim of preserving and improving health, well-being and empowerment for health promotion. Final considerations: Thus, a broader concept of Health Advocacy was abstracted, from the micro to the macro, which contemplates the development of the patient's autonomy; includes individuals and groups in care plans and involves them in political activities as possibilities to provide assistance and correct health inequalities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el concepto de Abogacía de Salud a partir del referencial metodológico del Modelo Evolucionista. Método: El concepto de interés fue evaluado bajo la perspectiva de estudios publicados e identificados en los bancos de datos: Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE y artículos de interés. Los atributos se establecieron a partir de 19 producciones científicas. Los datos se analizaron con el análisis temático, propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: Se obtuvo una definición operativa: La Abogacía de la Salud es una acción intencional, implementada conjuntamente y a favor de individuos y colectividades, especialmente de aquellos que sufren inequidades en la salud, con el objetivo de preservar y mejorar la salud, el bienestar y el empoderamiento para la promoción de la salud. Consideraciones finales: Se abstrajo un concepto más amplio de Abogacía de la Salud, de lo micro a lo macro, en el que se contempla el desarrollo de la autonomía del paciente; incluye a individuos y grupos en los planes de atención y los involucra en las actividades políticas como una posibilidad de brindarles atención y corregir las desigualdades en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conceito de Advocacia em Saúde a partir do referencial metodológico do Modelo Evolucionista. Método: O conceito de interesse foi avaliado na perspectiva dos estudos publicados e identificados nos bancos de dados: Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE e artigos de interesse. Os atributos foram determinados a partir de 19 produções científicas. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise temática, proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Obteve-se como definição operacional: a Advocacia em Saúde, configurada como ação de caráter intencional, implementada em conjunto e em prol de indivíduos e coletividades, especialmente para os que sofrem com iniquidades em saúde, com o objetivo de preservar e melhorar a saúde, o bem-estar e o empoderamento para a promoção da saúde. Considerações finais: Assim, foi abstraído um conceito de Advocacia em Saúde mais abrangente, do micro ao macro, em que contempla o desenvolvimento da autonomia do paciente; inclui indivíduos e grupos nos planos de cuidados e envolve-os em atividades políticas como possibilidades de fornecer assistência e corrigir desigualdades em saúde.